Which if any of the companies are associated for the purpose of the small companies rate of corporation tax:
John is the sole owner of company X
Company X owns 50% of company A and 50% of company B
Company A owns the other 50% of company B
The other 50% of company A is owned 25% each by John's cousins
All the shares rank equally as to votes, dividends and assets on a winding up etc
John is the sole director of each company
Replies (2)
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X&B
On those basic facts and with no other aspects of control, eg financial influence, I'd say that because John controls 100% of X and effectively 75% of B they are associated.
I agree
X & B are associated for the reason given by Paul.
X & A are not associated because the cousins are too remote as relatives for their shareholdings to be aggregated with John's.