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It's appalling that HMRC and DWP still do not communicate re NIC.
However, on the second question (and I haven't looked at the legislation) but if the property allowance is denied where the rent is received from a close company in which you are a participator, would that mean that a non-shareholding director could claim it, whilst a director/shareholder couldn't?
The HMRC SA system is on a different computer from the NIC system, but both are HMRC systems. The DWP manages pensions, but not Class 2 NI records, which became the responsibility of HMRC when HMRC absorbed the Contributions Agency two decades ago. There is really no excuse for HMRC's separate systems not talking to each other about Class 2, after so many years of HMRC running both systems. You have to suspect that nothing has been done to synchronise the two systems because HMRC wants to abolish Class 2, so any investment in linking the two would be wasted as soon as that happens.
As to the question of whether a part-year Class 2 record gets you a full year's pension entitlement, the answer is 'no'. Each week of Class 2 paid is equivalent to paying or being credited with Class 1 at the LEL for that week. If you pay Class 2 for six months, you need to pay voluntarily (Class 2 or 3) for six months, or have earnings at the LEL for six months under Class 1, to make the year qualify (or some permutation of those options).